Nanosized lithium orthosilicate sorbent has been prepared by precipitation, and its CO ₂ capture performance has been evaluated. The particle size of the adsorbent is small and uniform, which leads to a significant reduction of the calcination temperature and desorption temperature, thus greatly reducing the process energy consumption. Under optimum calcination temperature, relative higher kinetic absorption capacity, i.e., 17.8% within 5 minutes under volume fraction 12.5% CO ₂ model flue gas stream by absorption⁃desorption cyclic test, has been obtained. Static CO ₂ absorption test at different temperatures were well fitted by the double exponential model, demonstrating the double shell mechanism. The rate⁃determining step, Li diffusion rate from the bulk to the surface, was greatly improved even in low⁃CO ₂⁃concentration model flue gas owing to its nano⁃scale character. Therefore, this study has provided a simple and efficient preparation method for nanosized ceramic sorbents, which is promising for thermo⁃swing fluidized bed process.

Preparation of ZnO nanorod arrays by hydrothermal method has been studied. It has been revealed that the high concentration of precursors and the seed layer can facilitate the growth and the vertical and uniform nanorod array can be obtained. The relationship of growth time and the nanorod length was further investigated.The length of the ZnO NRs has no obvious increase without changing of fresh precursors even the growth time was extended. While the length of the ZnO NRs increased linearly with time when the fresh precursors was changed every 2.5 h.

Seven different dodecatungstophosphates were prepared by using acidic ionic liquids and 12tungstophosphoric acid, and were characterized by XRD, TG and SEM. The result of XRD show that the molecular compound kept keggin structure. TG illustrate that they possessed good thermal stability. SEM result show that the surface structure of the catalyst is good. And their catalytic application in the oxidative desulfurization from fuel had also been investigated. The effect of reaction time, reaction temperature, the dosage of H2O2 were also studied. The sulfur removal (99.72%) was obtained under the following condition: reaction temperature 45 ℃，reaction time 1 h, n(S)/n（catalyst）=300∶1, n(H2O2)/n(S)=4∶1. After reaction, the catalyst is easy to separate, and can be reused 7 times after drying without obvious catalytic loss.

NiO/Al ₂O ₃  was prepared using nickel nitrate and aluminum oxide as the precursor, sodium hydroxide as the precipitating agent by coprecipitation method which was applied in the hydrogenation of lanolin as a catalyst. The effect of reaction temperature, reaction pressure, reaction time and the mass fraction of catalyst on the depth of lanolin hydrogenation was measured by the saponification value. The results show that the optimal conditions are as follows: the mass fraction of catalyst is 5%, reaction pressure of 18 MPa, reaction time of 5 h at 300 ℃, and the depth of lanolin hydrogenation can be up to 93.47%.

The desulfurization of model gasoline containing 500 μg/g sulfur by selective adsorption over the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) of Ag2(4,4'-bipy)2-(O ₃SCH ₂CH ₂SO ₃), Ag(4,4'-bipy)NO ₃ and Ag(4,4'-bipy)ClO ₄ were studied in a static adsorbent at ambient temperature and pressure by using model fuels. The results show that adsorption rate of Ag2(4,4'-bipy)2-(O ₃SCH ₂CH ₂SO ₃)，Ag(4,4'-bipy)NO ₃ and Ag(4,4'-bipy)ClO ₄ reached 70%, and the adsorptive selectivity of Ag2(4,4'-bipy)2-(O ₃SCH ₂CH ₂SO ₃) and Ag(4,4'-bipy)ClO ₄ to thiophene wouldn't decrease significantly as the concentration of 1-octene increases. Moreover, for the silver-based MOF materials, there is a slight change on their framework after regeneration, however it won't lead to obvious change on the adsorption performance. Meanwhile deep desulfurization of real gasoline were also carried out, and find that sulphur content can decreased from the initial 70 μg/g to 8 μg/g over Ag2(4,4'-bipy)2-(O ₃SCH ₂CH ₂SO ₃), and no obvious decrease in desulfurization capability can be observed after recycling 5 times. 

The removal of basic nitrogen compounds from the coker diesel by extraction with acidic ionic liquid as main denitrogenation agent were investigated. The experimental results show that good denitrogenation efficiency (up to 92%) for coker diesel can be obtained under the following conditions: the mass ratio of oil to denitrogenation agent 25, temperature of 25 ℃, stirring for 20 min under reflux and settling time of 1.5 h. Denitrogenation agent can be reused and there is no obvious decrease in the nitrogen removal efficiency (90%) after recycling 5 times.

Synthesis of tungstophosphate with organic cation from acidic ionic liquids and 12-tungstophosphoric acid was reported. And its catalytic application in the synthesis of ethyl acetate had also been investigated. The effect of reaction time, reaction temperature, catalyst amount and the molar ratio of acetic acid to ethanol were studied, and found that higher conversion of acetic acid (94％) and good selectivity to ethyl acetate (100％) can be obtained under the following conditions: 60 ℃, 4 h, n(catalyst)/n(acetic acid)/n(ethano1)=1∶30∶150. The catalyst was immiscible in the reaction system after reaction, providing a simple separation by decantation. The catalyst can be recycled for 4 times directly after vacuum drying without obvious loss in catalytic activity.

The interaction of orthophosphoric acid and zeolite HZSM-5 was investigated. It is found that chemisorption of orthophosphoric acid and cationic species including H ₅P ₂O ⁺ ₇ and H ₄PO ⁺ ₄ are possible structures of P/HZSM-5 before calcination or steaming, adsorption energy with -49.31， -45.96 kJ/mol are negative, it shows that adsorption is an exothermic process, the reason is the hydrogen bonding is the major form of interaction in between. After calcination or steaming, dehydration reaction occurs, two different models are proposed, thats to say, P species are combined with the framework of zeolite by one or two bridged oxygen atoms. It is show that the energy barrier, for the reaction: a oxygen bridge to two oxygen bridges, is 125.73 kJ/mol for forward reaction; while 47.59 kJ/mol for reversed one, so the model with only one bridged oxygen atoms is the energetically stable one, which is regarded as the major model after dehydration, the lower energy barrier makes two oxygen bridges easy into an oxygen bridge structure.

Three dodecatungstophosphates were prepared from 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, 1-(3-sulfonic group) propyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-(3-sulfonic group) propyl pyridinium and 12-tungstophosphoric acid. The IR and XRD results of three dodecatungstophosphates demonstrated that all of them contain typical heteropolyanions. Selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde with 30%(mass fraction) H2O2 as oxidant was carried out in the absence of organic solvents, phase-transfer catalysts and additives. Effects of different catalysts were studied and reaction conditions were optimized. It is found that 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dodecatungstophosphates ［Bmim］3PW12O40 exhibited better catalytic performance. Under [KG*4]the [KG*4]optimal [KG*4]reaction [KG*4]conditions(benzyl [KG*4]alcohol 10 mmol, hydrogen [KG*4]peroxide 30 mmol, catalyst 0.05 mmol, reaction temperature 85 ℃, reaction time 3 h), the conversion of benzyl alcohol was 79.6% and the selectivity of benzaldehyde could reach 95.6%. The catalysts are also proven to have good recycling capability. 

The acidity of zeolite with RTH structure had been studied using the density functional theory generalized gradient approximation(GGA) method for the first time. The Al substitution energy of four different T sites and the deprotonation energies of sixteen different Brnsted acid sites were calculated to found the preferred Al substitution energy and acidic strength of different B acid sites. The results show that T4, locating in the opening (0.56 nm×0.25 nm) of 8-membered ring, is the most favorable T site for Al substitution in the RTH structure. With considerations on both structure and acidity, Al ₄-O ₉(H)-Si ₂ and Al ₄-O ₁₆(H)-Si ₄, locating in the intersection part of the two 8-membered ring channel, show stronger Brnsted acidity and are the most possible active sites for acid catalytic reaction.

Without any organic solvents and halide, the oxidation of thiophenic sulfur into sulfone which would be extracted by the ionic liquid catalyzed by Na2WO4·2H2O with mass fraction of 30% hydrogen peroxide in acidic ionic liquid ［(CH2)4SO3HMIm］TSO was investigated. Effects of temperature, reaction time and amount of catalyst on the reaction of oxidative desulfurization were also investigated. The optimal reaction conditions are as follows: 3 mL oil sample (500 μg/g sulfur content), the ratio of 40∶1 for n(IL)/n(Na2WO4·2H2O), 0.7 mL hydrogen peroxide, reaction temperature of 333 K and reaction time of 2 h. And the rate of desulfurization is 97.4% under this condition.When the reaction was completed, diesel oil and catalyst could be separated by simple decantation. The catalyst could be recycled 4 times without obvious change in catalytic activity.